Galaxy
Title ALESS 073.1: A Rapidly Mature Spiral Galaxy at Cosmic Dawn Abstract ALESS 073.1, a spiral galaxy located approximately 12 billion light-years from Earth (comoving distance ~25 billion ly), exhibits strikingly mature features—well-formed spiral arms, a rotating disk, and a central bulge—despite residing in a very young universe. Observed via ALMA, the galaxy challenges conventional hierarchical formation models by suggesting that massive galactic structures can emerge much earlier and faster than previously thought 1. Introduction Investigating galaxies in the early universe offers crucial insights into the processes of galaxy formation and the role of dark matter. Traditional models predict chaotic, clumpy morphologies at such epochs, but ALESS 073.1 defies expectations with its evolved structure. 2. Observational Data & Methods Target: ALESS 073.1 (alias: GDS J033229.29–275619.5), discovered 2021. Instrument: Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA). Distance...